The steps of this process were as follows: first, the English to Portuguese translation was performed by one ENT physician expert in vestibular diseases and a naïve translator, who both have Portuguese as their first language. Prior consent was requested and obtained from the original author of the VVAS for the development of this instrument. Prospective study involving the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) into the European Portuguese language and culture, based in the recommendations of Beaton et al. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the VVAS The study is conformed to Directive 2010/63/EU. The study was done in accordance with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines and approved by the Research Ethics Committee (reference 351/CES). Our main objective is to perform the translation, cross cultural adaptation and validation of “Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale” from its ‘original version in English to Portuguese. 9 There is no Portuguese version of this questionnaire, and the authors propose to fill this gap in daily vestibular patients’ evaluation with a clinical, simple, and quickly answerable scale. It has been validated into Spanish to use in Argentina. Each scale pertained to a specific visual vertigo provoking situation. 8 It consists of nine visual analog scales subjects’ patients were asked to rate. It has been validated in 102 vestibulopathy group of patients. The Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale (VVAS) is a quick self-administered, valid, and reliable questionnaire that serves to assess visual vertigo. It does not specifically target visual vertigo but is a widely available and used tool for reported outcome measure in vestibular patients, 6 including a Portuguese version.
Each question is answered on an ordinal scale marking how that situation most applies to the patient. Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) is used to determine the impact of dizziness on various aspects of activities of daily living. Several questionnaires have been used to measure the quality-of-life impact of VIV.
4 This has a major impact in daily living quality of life. 3 In a recent longitudinal study 4% of all patients between the ages of 18 and 64 years registered with a general practitioner reported persistent and frequent symptoms of dizziness, and at least 3% were severely incapacitated by the symptoms, 18-months later. 2 After an initial period of recovery of a few weeks, dizzy symptoms do not fully disappear and are aggravated by looking at moving or repetitive images. It has long been recognized consequently to a vestibular insult. 1 It is an inappropriate response to motion of the visual environment due to overreliance or misinterpretation of visual cues. Visually Induced Vertigo (VIV) is usually triggered by a complex, distorted, large field or moving visual stimulus, including the relative motion of the visual surround associated with body movement. The present Portuguese translation of the scale showed satisfactory properties for the assessment of self-perceived and severity of visual vertigo in a significant group of vestibular Portuguese patients. The severity score of VVAS showed a positive strong correlation with DHI ( p < 0.0001). A Cronbach’s α of 0.9 confirmed the valid internally consistent of the applied version.
The VVAS score was significantly higher in vestibular group ( p < 0.001). Groups were compared for severity of visual vertigo and VVAS reliability and internal consistency were tested. It was completed by 63 healthy controls and 198 participants with vestibulopathy who also completed the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) to further explore the link between DHI and VVAS. Prospective study involving the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the VVAS into the Portuguese language, according to recognized guidelines. To perform the translation, cross cultural adaptation, and validation of VVAS from English to Portuguese. It can be assessed by “the Visual Vertigo Analogue Scale” (VVAS), a self-administered questionnaire without Portuguese version. Visual vertigo occurs after a vestibular disorder compromising daily living.
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